##Chiyambi
M'mawonekedwe amakono amakono opanga mapulogalamu othamanga, khalidwe lachidziwitso cha mapulogalamuwa lakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pozindikira kupambana kwa polojekiti. Pamene machitidwe a mapulogalamu akuchulukirachulukira, opanga amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zingalepheretse kupanga kwawo komanso kukhutira kwathunthu. Kuti athane ndi zovutazi, omanga mapulogalamu ndi opanga mapulogalamu akutenga njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayika patsogolo luso laopanga mapulogalamu, kuphatikiza zida zogwirira ntchito, njira zodzipangira okha, ndi njira zomwe zimathandizira kuyendetsa bwino ntchito.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zotsogola zaposachedwa kwambiri zamapangidwe apulogalamu zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri pakukulitsa luso laopanga. Tidzayang'ana m'dziko la zida zogwirira ntchito, njira zodzipangira okha, ndi njira zomwe zingathandize opanga mapulogalamu kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera. Kuonjezera apo, tidzapereka chitsanzo cha code mu Python chomwe chimasonyeza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njira yosavuta yopangira makina pogwiritsa ntchito payipi ya CI / CD.
Zida Zothandizira Zothandizira Kupititsa patsogolo
Zida zogwirira ntchito zasintha momwe opanga mapulogalamu amagwirira ntchito limodzi pamapulogalamu apulogalamu. Zida izi zimathandiza kulankhulana kwa nthawi yeniyeni, kubwereza ndondomeko, ndi kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti otsogolera azitha kugwirizanitsa ndikugawana chidziwitso.
Version Control Systems (VCS)
Makina owongolera matembenuzidwe, monga Git, ndi zida zofunika pakukulitsa mapulogalamu ogwirizana. VCS imalola opanga angapo kugwira ntchito pa codebase imodzi nthawi imodzi, kutsatira zosintha, ndikuwongolera mikangano.
# Yambitsani malo atsopano a Git
git kuwonjezera.
git commit -m "Kupanga koyamba"
````
### Zida Zowunika Ma Code
Zida zowunikira ma code, monga GitHub Code Review, zimathandiza omanga kuti awonenso ndi kupereka ndemanga pamakhodi a wina ndi mzake. Izi zimathandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti khodi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri, ikugwirizana ndi zolembera, ndikutsatira njira zabwino kwambiri.
### Zida Zoyang'anira Ntchito
Zida zowongolera ma projekiti, monga Jira, Trello, kapena Asana, zimathandizira opanga kukonza, kutsatira, ndi kuyang'anira ntchito yawo. Zida izi zimathandiza omanga kugawa ntchito, kukhazikitsa nthawi yomaliza, ndikuwunika momwe zikuyendera.
## Njira Zodzipangira Zomwe Mumakumana Nazo Pamapulogalamu
Njira zopangira makina zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukulitsa luso laopanga mapulogalamu pochepetsa kuyeserera pamanja, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndi kuchepetsa zolakwika.
### Continuous Integration (CI)
Kuphatikizika kosalekeza ndi chizolowezi chomwe opanga amaphatikiza kusintha kwa ma code awo kukhala malo apakati pafupipafupi. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti codeyo imamangidwa, kuyesedwa, ndikutsimikiziridwa nthawi zonse, kuchepetsa mwayi wophatikizana.
### Kutumiza Kopitiriza (CD)
Kutumiza mosalekeza ndi chizolowezi pomwe zopanga zokha ndikuyesa zimayambika nthawi iliyonse kusintha kwa ma code kukakankhidwira kumalo osungira. Izi zimathandiza opanga mapulogalamu kuti atumize zosintha zamakhodi mwachangu komanso modalirika.
### Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
Infrastructure monga code ndi machitidwe omwe maziko amatanthauzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito code, osati kusinthidwa kwamanja. Izi zimathandiza omanga kuti azitha kuyang'anira kusintha kwa zomangamanga, kuchepetsa zolakwika, ndikuwongolera kusasinthika.
## Njira Zothandizira Kupititsa patsogolo Kwamapulogalamu
Njira zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukulitsa luso laopanga mapulogalamu popereka dongosolo la mgwirizano, kulumikizana, ndi kuthetsa mavuto.
### Agile Methodology
Njira ya Agile ndi njira yobwerezabwereza komanso yowonjezereka yopangira mapulogalamu omwe amatsindika kusinthasintha, mgwirizano, ndi kusintha kosalekeza.
### Scrum Framework
Scrum framework ndi njira yotchuka ya Agile yomwe imagogomezera kugwirira ntchito limodzi, kuyankha mlandu, komanso kupita patsogolo kobwerezabwereza ku zolinga zodziwika bwino.
### DevOps Culture
Chikhalidwe cha DevOps ndi malingaliro omwe amatsindika mgwirizano, kulankhulana, ndi kusintha kosalekeza pakati pa magulu a chitukuko ndi ntchito.
## Code Chitsanzo: Kukhazikitsa Pipeline CI/CD pogwiritsa ntchito Python
Muchitsanzo ichi, tiwonetsa momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito payipi yosavuta ya CI/CD pogwiritsa ntchito Python ndi laibulale ya `mapaipi`.
``` python
import os
import subprocess
kuchokera ku mapaipi import Pipeline
class MyPipeline(Pipeline):
def __init__(yekha):
wapamwamba ().__init__()
self.name = "Pipeline yanga"
def build(self):
# Pangani code
subprocess.run(["panga", "build"])
def test (yekha):
# Yendetsani mayeso a unit
subprocess.run(["kupanga", "test"])
def deploy(self):
# Tumizani code
subprocess.run(["panga", "deploy"])
pipeline = MyPipeline ()
pipeline.run()
````
Khodi iyi imatanthawuza payipi yosavuta ya CI/CD yomwe imamanga, kuyesa, ndi kutumiza kusintha kwa ma code. Njira ya `build` imayendetsa lamulo la `make build`, njira ya `test` imayendetsa lamulo la `make test`, ndipo njira ya `deploy` imayendetsa lamulo la `make deploy`.
## Kuwona: CI/CD Pipeline
Tchati chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa mapaipi a CI/CD pogwiritsa ntchito Chart.js.
``` javascript
const ctx = document.getElementById('myChart').getContext('2d');
const chart = Tchati chatsopano (ctx, {
mtundu: 'horizontalBar',
zambiri: {
zolemba: ['Mangani', 'Yesani', 'Deploy'],
zolemba: [{
zolemba: 'Masitepe a Pipeline',
Zambiri: [10, 20, 30],
mtundu wakumbuyo: [
'rgba(255, 99, 132, 0.2)',
'rgba(54, 162, 235, 0.2)',
'rgba(255, 206, 86, 0.2)'
],
BorderColor: [
'rgba(255, 99, 132, 1)',
'rgba(54, 162, 235, 1)',
'rgba(255, 206, 86, 1)'
],
BorderWidth: 1
}]
},
zosankha: {
masikelo: {
y: {
startAtZero: zoona
}
}
}
});
````
Tchatichi chikuwonetsa masitepe apaipi, kuphatikiza kumanga, kuyesa, ndi kutumiza.
##Mapeto
kukulitsa luso laopanga mapulogalamu ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chitukuko cha mapulogalamu. Zida zogwirira ntchito, njira zodzipangira okha, ndi njira zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera zokolola, kukhutitsidwa, ndi moyo wonse. Potengera kupititsa patsogolo kwaposachedwa pamapangidwe a mapulogalamu, opanga mapulogalamu amatha kugwira ntchito moyenera, moyenera, komanso mogwirizana. Chitsanzo cha ma code ndi mawonedwe omwe aperekedwa m'nkhaniyi akuwonetsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito payipi yosavuta ya CI/CD pogwiritsa ntchito Python ndi Chart.js. Mwa kuvomereza njira ndi zida izi, opanga mapulogalamu amatha kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mapulogalamu awo.
## Zothandizira
* [1] "Lipoti la State of DevOps" lolemba Puppet Labs
* [2] "Kuphatikizika Kosalekeza ndi Kutumiza Kopitiriza" ndi Microsoft
* [3] "Agile Methodology" lolemba Scrum.org
* [4] "DevOps Culture" yolembedwa ndi DevOps Institute
* [5] "Mapaipi a Python" ndi laibulale yamapaipi
## Kuwerenganso
* "The DevOps Handbook" lolemba Gene Kim
* "Kutumiza Kopitilira: Mapulogalamu Odalirika Amatulutsidwa Kupyolera mu Kumanga, Kuyesa, ndi Kutumiza Ma Automation" ndi Jez Humble
* "Agile Project Management ndi Scrum" wolemba Ken Schwaber
* "DevOps for Dummies" ndi John F. Harris