Urukuta rugenzura Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ruhura n’amasuka ya Meta yegerejwe abaturage: AI yo mu karere, igenzurwa, na Paradoxical Future
Mugihe Bruxelles yari ahugiye mugutegura igitabo cyemeza kazoza ka AI, Meta yacecetse acecekesha moderi zikomeye za AI zifite ubunini bugaragara muburyo bukwiranye nintebe yawe. Iyumvire ninde uzahindura isi vuba vuba? Itegeko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ubu riba ku mugaragaro, ni inyamaswa yibutso, ya bureucratique, ikaba igaragaza ko umugabane wifuza kwigarurira ishyamba ry’iburengerazuba bw’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori. Nkuko nkuko wino yumye muburyo bwuzuye, Meta iheruka gukora itera ubwoba ko itanga igice kinini cyayo, niba idashaje, mugukora AI igezweho cyane kuburyo bugaragara muburyo abagenzuzi batigeze babitekereza.
Reka tubyumve neza: itegeko rya EU AI ntabwo ari ivugurura ryoroheje ryubahirizwa. Nimpinduka zifatizo, leviathan igenga igamije kwerekana uburyo sisitemu ya AI yateguwe, itezwa imbere, kandi ikoreshwa kwisi yose [1]. Niba isosiyete yawe ikorera cyangwa niyo * ikorana * na EU, ubu uri kumurongo. Ibi ntabwo ari ugusanduku; nibijyanye no kongera kubaka ubwubatsi bwa AI. Urimo gutondekanya sisitemu kubibazo - kuva "bitemewe" (tekereza amanota yabantu) kugeza kuri "ibyago byinshi" (ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikorwa remezo bikomeye) - no gushyira mubikorwa imiyoborere ikomeye, gukorera mu mucyo, hamwe ningamba zifatika zamakuru [2]. Kunanirwa kubyubahiriza, kandi urimo kureba amande agera kuri 7% yumwaka ku isi. Ntabwo ari ugukubita urushyi ku kuboko; ibyo ni ugucibwa ibigo.
Intego ni nziza, birumvikana. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urashaka guteza imbere AI yizewe, ishingiye ku bantu. Bashaka gukumira kubogama kwa algorithmic, kwemeza ibyo babazwa, no kurengera uburenganzira bwibanze. Iyi "Ingaruka ya Bruxelles" bivuze ko amabwiriza yabo byanze bikunze azahinduka isi yose, bityo ibitekerezo byimyitwarire bikaba ishingiro ryiterambere ryikigo icyo aricyo cyose gifite intego mpuzamahanga. Kuri CTOs, ibi bivuze urwego rushya, ruhenze, kandi rugoye rwimiyoborere ya AI hamwe nubuhanga mu by'amategeko ubu ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Ibicuruzwa byawe byerekana ibicuruzwa gusa byarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi, kandi itsinda ryanyu ryemewe n'amategeko ryabonye imbaraga nyinshi cyane.
Igisasu cyo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage
Ariko rero hariho Meta. Mugihe imashini zigenga zisunika mubikorwa, Meta yahise ita imiterere ikomeye ya AI, nkurukurikirane rwayo rwa Llama, ishobora gutezimbere kugirango ikore neza kubikoresho byabaguzi, harimo na GPU imwe [3]. Reka ibyo bishire. Moderi yubunini bugaragara, ikora kuri GPU imwe. Ibi ntabwo ari ibyagezweho mubuhanga gusa; ni umutingito ufatika. Haraheze imyaka, ubwenge bwiganje ni uko AI ikomeye cyane, cyane cyane imiterere nini yindimi hamwe nabakozi, yaguma kuba domaine yihariye ya hyperscalers, ifunzwe mubigo binini, bishonje cyane, bigerwaho gusa hifashishijwe guhamagarwa na API hamwe na fagitire nyinshi. Meta yahinduye gusa iyo moderi kuri smithereens.
Ibi ntabwo ari ukugabanya ibiciro gusa, nubwo aricyo kintu kinini. Nibijyanye na demokarasi kugera kuri AI ihanitse. Tekereza igisekuru gishya cyibikoresho bya AI bidahora biterefona murugo kubicu. Tekereza abafasha kugiti cya AI bagusobanukiwe neza utohereje amakuru yawe yimbere mumurima wa seriveri muri Virginia. Sisitemu yashyizwemo ifata igihe-nyacyo, ibyemezo bigoye nta gutinda. Ibisubizo byibikorwa aho amakuru yihariye arimbere, kandi AI ntisohoka mubibanza. Ntabwo ari "inkingi ya AI" gusa; ni * yigenga AI * kubantu benshi.
Ingaruka zo guhanga udushya ziratangaje. Abashinzwe iterambere, abatangiye, ndetse na tinkerers kugiti cyabo barashobora noneho kubaka no gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye bya AI badakeneye isanduku yintambara yo gushora imari cyangwa umurongo utaziguye kuri AWS. Ihinduka rigabanya ubukererwe, rigabanya ibiciro byakazi, kandi rihindura muburyo bwo kubara ibanga. Amakuru aguma hafi. Igenzura riguma hafi. Imbaraga zingirakamaro ziva mubicu bikomatanyije kubikoresho, umukoresha, umuyoboro waho.
Paradox igenga
Hano niho inkuru zombi zihurira, bigatera paradox ishimishije, iteye ubwoba. Itegeko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ryateguwe mu buryo bwitondewe ku isi aho AI yateye imbere cyane kandi ikoherezwa n’ibigo binini, byamenyekana, akenshi mu gicu, aho amakuru agenda akurikiranwa, kandi kubahiriza bishobora gukurikizwa ahantu hacitse. Yashizweho ku isi igenzura.
Ariko bigenda bite mugihe imbaraga za AI zikoresha miriyoni za GPU kugiti cye, kuri mudasobwa zigendanwa, sisitemu yashyizwemo, hamwe na seriveri zaho, zishobora guhindurwa, gutunganywa neza, cyangwa no gufungura-kubakoresha? Nigute ushobora kugenzura moderi ihanitse ikorera kuri GPU imwe mubiro byinyuma byubucuruzi? Nigute ushobora kubahiriza ibisabwa mu mucyo mugihe umurongo w'icyitegererezo ushobora kuba udupapuro twibikoresho bitangiza isoko hamwe no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere? Ibyiciro "ibyago byinshi" bitunguranye biba bigoye cyane kugenzura no kugenzura mugihe AI iticaye mubicu byateganijwe.
Urwego rw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, nubwo rwatangiye gukomera, rwumva ko rugerageza kugenzura uruzi rwubaka ingomero aho ruva, nk'uko urwo ruzi rugiye guturika inkombe no kuzuza isi yose. "Ingaruka y'i Buruseli" irashobora gukomeza kugenzura ibikorwa byinshi byoherejwe mu bigo, ariko "Meta Ingaruka" ya AI igerwaho cyane, ikomeye AI irashobora gushyiraho ubukungu bunini, butagengwa nigicucu cyibikorwa bya AI.
Urugendo rwa Tightrope ya CTO
Kuri CTOs nubuhanga buyobora, ibi birerekana urugendo rukomeye rwo kugenda. Ku ruhande rumwe, itegeko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi risaba kubahiriza bikomeye, bihenze, kandi akenshi bitinda kubahirizwa. Ugomba * gushora imari mu miyoborere ya AI, gusuzuma ingaruka, no ku myitwarire myiza [4]. Amatsinda yawe yemewe kandi yubahiriza ubu ni ingenzi mubikorwa bya AI. Kwirengagiza ibi nukwiyahura kwamafaranga.
Kurundi ruhande, Meta imaze gufungura umwuzure kugirango udushya tutigeze tubaho. Amahirwe yo kubaka byihuse, bihendutse, byinshi byigenga, kandi birwanya imbaraga za AI ni byinshi. Inyungu zo guhatanira gukoresha AI zikomeye zaho zishobora guhinduka [5]. Tekereza isi aho ama robo yawe yinganda yiga kandi akamenyera hasi muruganda atohereje amakuru yimikorere yundi muntu, cyangwa aho serivisi yawe yumukiriya AI ikemura ibibazo bigoye ahantu hose, bikarinda ubuzima bwite bwabakoresha mugushushanya.
Ikibazo ni uguhuza izo mbaraga zombi. Nigute ushobora kwakira imbaraga zagabanijwe zuruhande rwa AI mugihe icyarimwe ukemeza kubahiriza amategeko arushijeho gukomera, kandi akenshi yibicu-bishingiye ku bicu? Ntabwo arikibazo cya tekiniki gusa; ni ingamba. Irasaba ubwoko bushya bwubwubatsi bwa AI - umuntu utumva gusa uburyo bwiza bwo gutezimbere no koherezwa, ariko kandi akanashyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura, ubusugire bwamakuru, hamwe ningaruka zimyitwarire kuri granular, urwego rwibikoresho.
Igihe kizaza cya AI ntabwo kijyanye gusa na moderi nini cyangwa chip yihuta. Byerekeranye nubushyamirane bwibanze hagati yo kugenzura hamwe nimbaraga zegerejwe abaturage. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urashaka kubaka ubusitani butekanye, buteganijwe kuri AI. Meta yahaye abantu bose imbuto zo mwishyamba. Kuyobora iyi nyubako nshya bizasobanura imyaka icumi iri imbere yubuyobozi bwikoranabuhanga.
Inkomoko
] [2] PwC - Itegeko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi: Igitabo gifatika cyo kubahiriza - https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/data-privacy/eu-ai-act.html . ] [5] McKinsey & Company - Ubushobozi bwubukungu bwa AI ibyara umusaruro: Imipaka ikurikira yumusaruro - https://www.mckinsey.com/ubushobozi/quantumblack/urubuga rwacu