Ukubala Okukhulu Kobuchwepheshe: Lapho Iphupho Le-AI Lihlangabezana Nephupho Elibi Losuku Lweziro
Ngenkathi ukunaka komkhakha wezobuchwepheshe kuvame ukugxila ezibuyekezweni ezikhulayo ze-LLM kanye nezinkulumo mpikiswano zefilosofi ezizungeze i-AI, kuyembuka iqiniso elimangalisayo. Lokhu akukhona nje "ukulungiswa" kwemakethe; kuwukuhlola kabusha okuhlelekile kwenani, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nobungozi, okwenzeka njengezinsongo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqondise ngokungakhathali ingqalasizinda yethu yedijithali. Khohlwa ngokufika ethambile; iminyaka yamuva iveze inkinga enkulu ngaphakathi komkhakha wezobuchwepheshe.
Indaba ebucayi evame ukunganakwa ukuncishiswa kwethalente okungapheli. Ngo-2023 kuphela, imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe engaphezu kuka-263,000 yaqedwa [1]. Lokhu akupheleli ekuqaliseni okudonsa kanzima; abadlali abakhulu abanjengoGoogle, i-Amazon, iMicrosoft, neMeta bonke banciphise kakhulu abasebenzi babo. Lokhu kumelela inkambiso ebanzi, eqhubekayo, hhayi isigameko esisodwa.
Indida ye-AI: Ukuphumelela Ngaziphi Izindleko?
Indaba exoxwayo, yebo, iwukusebenza kahle. "Ukulungiselela ukukhula," "ukwenza kube lula ukusebenza," "ukwaba kabusha izinsiza ezintweni ezibalulekile ezibalulekile" - funda: I-AI. Sitshelwa ukuthi i-AI izodala imisebenzi emisha, kodwa njengamanje, kubukeka ngokusolisayo sengathi ishintsha ekhona, noma okungenani ivumela izinkampani ukuthi zenze okwengeziwe ngokuncane. Isithembiso sokukhiqiza okuqhutshwa yi-AI silethwa, hhayi ngokwandisa abasebenzi, kodwa ngokuwanciphisa.
Lokhu akukhona nje ngemijikelezo yezomnotho. Lolu wushintsho olubalulekile endleleni inani elibonwa futhi lilethwa ngayo. Izinkampani ziyaqaphela ukuthi iminyaka yokukhula ngokweqile ibangele ukuqunjelwa, izindima ezingafuneki, kanye nezinga lokusha elingazinzile. Manje, njengoba i-AI ithembisa ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke into kusukela ekukhiqizeni amakhodi kuye ekusekelweni kwamakhasimende, imbazo iwela kanzima kulezo zindima ezithathwa ngokuthi "azingabalulekile" noma, ngokunembe kakhulu, "ezizenzekelayo."
Indida iyazwakala. Izigidigidi zithululelwa ocwaningweni lwe-AI nasekusatshalalisweni, kulandelwa umngcele olandelayo wezobuchwepheshe, ngesikhathi esifanayo kudilizwa wona kanye amaqembu anesibopho sokwakha nokugcina ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo. Le ndlela ifana nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esisekelweni esingazinzile.
I-Zero-Day Blitzkrieg: I-Multi-Front Cyber War
Futhi uma sikhuluma ngezisekelo eziwohlokayo, ake sikhulume ngokwanda okungakaze kubonwe kobuthakathaka obuxhashaziwe. Lesi akusona isixwayiso esijwayelekile; inkinga ye-inthanethi esheshayo, enangaphambili kaningi.
I-Apple, evame ukutuswa ngokuphepha kwayo, idalule izinsuku eziyiziro ezisetshenziswe kanzima ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, njenge-CVE-2024-23225, esetshenziswa "ekuhlaselweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu" [2]. I-Google Chrome, isango elitholakala yonke indawo ku-inthanethi, ibone izinsuku eziningi ezisetshenziswa ngokuzikhandla kulo nyaka kuphela, okuhlanganisa i-CVE-2024-4671 kanye ne-CVE-2024-4761, zombili ezibhekiswe ngoMeyi [3]. Lokhu kulandelana okusheshayo kwamaphutha abalulekile kubonisa ukuthi amaqembu ezokuphepha ahlala esabela ezinsongweni ezivelayo.
I-Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) ihlale yengeza ubungozi obusha obaziwayo kukhathalogi yayo [4]. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Zyxel firewall flaw (CVE-2023-28771), esetshenziswe "umlingisi okhuluma isiShayina" ukuze afake engozini cishe amadivayisi ayi-1,000, kanye ne-F5 BIG-IP RCE (CVE-2023-46747). I-CISA ivamise ukukhipha iziqondiso eziphuthumayo, ngokuvamile ezinezinsuku ezimfushane zokulungisa, ukuze izinhlangano zikahulumeni zihlanganise ingqalasizinda ebucayi ngokumelene nezinsongo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezisekelwa uhulumeni. Ukuba sengozini kwe-Veeam Backup & Replication (CVE-2023-27532) okunobufakazi bomqondo osesidlangalaleni nakho kuye kwaxhashazwa [4].
Lona akuwona umsebenzi wabaduni abayizimfundamakhwela; lezi izitha ezingochwepheshe, ezinezinsiza ezinhle eziqondise ngokuhlelekile ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, izinhlelo zebhizinisi, kanye namadivayisi angabasebenzisi bokugcina. Basebenzisa ubungozi ngesikhathi betholwa, noma nangaphambilini.
Ukuxhumana Okungabonakali: Amaqembu Athambile, Ukuvikela Okuvuzayo
Manje, xhuma amachashazi. Ingabe kuyinhlanhla ukuthi sibona ukudilizwa kwerekhodi ngesikhathi esifanayo sibhekene nenani elingakaze libonwe lobungcupheni obuyinkimbinkimbi, obuxhashazwe ngokuqhubekayo? Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa kunzima ukuziba.
Lapho imisebenzi engaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi inqanyuliwe, akukhona nje "isisindo esifile" esichithwayo. Kusho ukulahlekelwa ulwazi lwesikhungo, onjiniyela bezokuphepha abanolwazi, amaqembu akhuthele e-QA, kanye nabo kanye abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlonza, ukuchibiyela, kanye nokusabela kulezi zinsongo. Amaqembu asele anwetshiwe azacile, ngokuvamile aphoqeleka ukuthi abeke phambili isivinini sesici ngaphezu kwenhlanzeko ebalulekile yokuphepha. Lokhu kudala indawo lapho i-mantra "ihamba ngokushesha futhi iphule izinto" manje ibeka engcupheni yokushiya izinhlelo ezibucayi zidaluliwe.
Ukuphishekela ukusebenza kahle okuqhutshwa yi-AI, kuyilapho kuzuzisa ngokomqondo, kudala ukungalingani okuyingozi. Silungiselela okukhiphayo kuyilapho singanaki abantu kanye nesimo sokuphepha esiqinile esisekela yonke into. Nakuba imakethe yamathalente ingase iqinise kuma-generalists, isidingo sochwepheshe bezokuphepha abakhethekile, abaphenduli bezehlakalo, nabazingeli abasabisayo sihlala siphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingabe izinkampani zitshala imali ngempela kulezi zindima ezibalulekile, noma zinethemba lokuthi amathuluzi azo amasha e-AI azoxazulula izinselelo zabo zokuphepha ngomlingo? Lokhu kwamuva kuwukulindela okungenangqondo.
Ubizo lwePragmatism
Kuma-CTO nabaholi bobunjiniyela, lezi akuzona nje izindaba okufanele ujule ngazo. Leli ilambu elibomvu elikhanyayo.
- Phinda uhlole imidlalo yakho "yokusebenza kahle": Ingabe amasu akho okudiliza akwenza ube namandla ngokwengeziwe, noma ingabe udala iphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka kanye nezikhala zokuphepha? Izindleko zokwephulwa komthetho zidlula kude ukongiwa okuvela ekwehlisweni kwezibalo ezimbalwa.
- Beka kuqala ukuvikeleka ngokuzibophezela kwangempela: Izinqubo zokuphepha ezibalulekile njengokuchibiyela, ukuphendula ngesigameko esiqinile, nokuzingela okusabisayo akuzona izinto zokunethezeka ozikhethela zona; ziyizidingo ezikhona. Uma i-CISA ikhipha umnqamulajuqu wezinsuku ezintathu wokulungisa, amasistimu akho kufanele ngabe avikelekile kudala ngaphambili.
- Tshala imali kubantu bakho: Imakethe yamathalente yonjiniyela bezokuphepha bezinga eliphezulu kanye nonjiniyela bengqalasizinda iya ngokuya ishisa. Bagcine, baqeqeshe, banikeze amandla. Isu lakho le-AI alinamsebenzi uma amasistimu akho abalulekile esengozini.
- Funa kangcono kubathengisi: I-Apple, Google, F5, Zyxel - laba akubona abadlali abangacacile. Ukuba sengozini kwabo kuthinta izigidi. Phusha ukuze uthole imikhiqizo evikelekile ngedizayini eyengeziwe kanye nokuphetshwa okusheshayo, okusobala kakhudlwana.
Imboni yezobuchwepheshe imi esimeni esibucayi. Singaqhubeka nokuphishekela ukusebenza kahle okuqhutshwa yi-AI, okungenzeka kuphuphuthekiswe isithembiso sayo, kuyilapho izisekelo zethu zedijithali ziguguleka futhi amasistimu ethu abhekane nokuxhashazwa okusebenzayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, singabhekana nalezi zinkinga zesistimu ngokuqondile, sibeke kabusha ukuzinza, ukuphepha okuqinile, kanye nekhono lomuntu elibalulekile elakha futhi livikele umhlaba wethu wedijithali ngempela. Ukuzikhethela, nemiphumela yako ejulile, kungokwethu okufanele sikuthwale.
Imithombo
[1] Layoffs.fyi - https://layoffs.fyi/ [2] Izibuyekezo Zokuvikela ze-Apple — https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214080 [3] Ukukhishwa kwe-Google Chrome — https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_13.html [4] Ikhathalogi Eyaziwayo Ye-CISA Exhashazwa Ngasengozini — https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog